National Bureau of Statistics Releases Latest National Population Data: Communiqué on Major Data of the 2025 National 1% Population Sample Survey

National Bureau of Statistics May 22, 2026

The National 1% Population Sample Survey is a major survey of national conditions and strength. According to the provisions of the Regulations on National Population Census and the requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Conducting the 2025 National 1% Population Sample Survey (Guobanfa [2024] No. 71), China conducted the 2025 National 1% Population Sample Survey with the standard reference time set at 0:00 on November 1, 2025.

In accordance with the deployments of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, through the joint efforts of all regions, departments, and survey institutions at all levels, and with the hard work of the vast number of survey personnel and the active cooperation of the respondents, the 2025 National 1% Population Sample Survey has completed field registration, as well as the tabulation and estimation of major data.

The major demographic data estimated based on this survey are hereby published as follows:

I. National Population The national population was 1,405.45 million, of which:

Male population: 717.22 million, accounting for 51.03%

Female population: 688.23 million, accounting for 48.97%

The sex ratio of the total population (with female as 100, the ratio of males to females) was 104.21.

II. Population of Family Households There were 514.65 million family households[4] nationwide, with a total family household population of 1,296.85 million. The average size of a family household was 2.52 persons.

III. Age Composition Of the national population:

Aged 0—14: 214.36 million, accounting for 15.25%

Aged 15—59: 869.87 million, accounting for 61.89%

Aged 60 and above: 321.22 million, accounting for 22.86%

Of which, aged 65 and above: 223.09 million, accounting for 15.87%[5]

IV. Population by Educational Attainment Of the national population, the numbers of people with various levels of education were as follows:

University (junior college and above): 272.33 million

Senior high school (including secondary vocational school): 242.72 million

Junior high school: 452.83 million

Primary school: 331.22 million

V. Urban and Rural Population Of the national population:

Urban population: 952.08 million, accounting for 67.74%

Rural population: 453.37 million, accounting for 32.26%

VI. Floating Population Of the national population, the floating population was 357.88 million.

Notes: [1] The data in this communiqué are estimated for 0:00 on November 1, 2025, based on the survey data. The national sample size was 20.52 million persons, accounting for 1.46% of the national population. Some totals may not equal the sum of their components due to rounding.

[2] The national population refers to the population of the 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government on the mainland, as well as active-duty military personnel. It excludes residents of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and foreign nationals residing in these 31 regions.

[3] According to the post-enumeration quality check, the net under-registration rate of the 2025 National 1% Population Sample Survey was 0.72%. The national population figure already includes the under-registered population calculated based on this rate.

[4] "Family households" refer to households consisting of individuals who live in the same place and share living arrangements, primarily based on family relationships.

[5] The population aged 0—15 was 231.79 million; the population aged 16—59 was 852.44 million.

[6] "Urban and rural population" refers to the national population residing in urban and rural areas, categorized according to the Regulations on the Statistical Classification of Urban and Rural Areas formulated by the National Bureau of Statistics.

[7] "Floating population" refers to the population whose current residence differs from the place of their household registration (hukou), excluding those separated from their hukou within the same municipal district.

The population separated from their hukou (those residing in a township or sub-district different from their hukou registration for more than half a year) was 479.85 million.

The population separated from their hukou within municipal districts (those residing and registered in different townships/sub-districts within the districts of a single municipality directly under the Central Government or a prefecture-level city) was 121.98 million.